A Comparative Study of Direct Power Control Strategies for STATCOM Using Three-Level and Five-Level Diode-Clamped Inverters

Diyaa Mustaf Mohammed (), Raaed Faleh Hassan, Naseer M. Yasin, Mohammed Alruwaili () and Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim ()
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Diyaa Mustaf Mohammed: Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
Raaed Faleh Hassan: Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
Naseer M. Yasin: Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
Mohammed Alruwaili: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
Moustafa Ahmed Ibrahim: Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 23435, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-25

Abstract: For power electronic interfaces, Direct Power Control (DPC) has emerged as a leading control technique, especially in applications such as synchronous motors, induction motors, and other electric drives; renewable energy sources (such as photovoltaic inverters and wind turbines); and converters that are grid-connected, such as Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) and Static Compensator (STATCOM) configurations. DPC accomplishes several significant goals by avoiding the inner current control loops and doing away with coordinating transformations. The application of STATCOM based on three- and five-level diode-clamped inverters is covered in this work. The study checks the abilities of DPC during power control adjustments during diverse grid operation scenarios while detailing how multilevel inverters affect system stability and power reliability. Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are used to control active and reactive power levels as part of the control approach. This study shows that combining DPC with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) increases the system’s overall electromagnetic performance and control accuracy. The performance of STATCOM systems in power distribution and transient response under realistic operating conditions is assessed using simulation tools applied to three-level and five-level inverter topologies. In addition to providing improved voltage quality and accurate reactive power control, the five-level inverter structure surpasses other topologies by maintaining a total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%, according to the main findings. The three-level inverter operates efficiently under typical grid conditions because of its straightforward design, which uses less processing power and computational complexity.

Keywords: direct power control (DPC); STATCOM; multilevel inverters; harmonic distortion; power factor correction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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