Distributed Optimization Strategy for Voltage Regulation in PV-Integrated Power Systems with Limited Sensor Deployment

Xun Lu, Junlei Liu, Xinmiao Liu, Jun Liu and Lingxue Lin ()
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Xun Lu: Department of Power Grid Planning, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510699, China
Junlei Liu: Department of Power Grid Planning, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510699, China
Xinmiao Liu: Department of Power Grid Planning, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510699, China
Jun Liu: School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Lingxue Lin: School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-27

Abstract: This paper presents a distributed optimization strategy for reactive power–voltage control in distribution networks with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration under limited sensor deployment scenarios. To address voltage violations and minimize network power losses, a novel distributed optimization framework is developed that utilizes selective nodal measurements from PV-integrated nodes and critical T-junction locations, coupled with inter-node communication for information exchange. The methodology integrates an adaptive step size algorithm within a dynamic projected primal–dual distributed optimization framework, eliminating manual parameter tuning requirements while ensuring theoretical convergence guarantees through Lyapunov stability analysis. Comprehensive validation on the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system demonstrates that the proposed strategy achieves significant performance improvements. The distributed control framework reduces measurement infrastructure requirements while maintaining near-optimal performance, demonstrating superior economic efficiency and operational reliability. These results establish the practical viability of the proposed approach for real-world distribution network applications with high renewable energy integration, providing a cost-effective solution for voltage regulation under incomplete observability conditions.

Keywords: distributed optimization strategy; voltage regulation; PV-integrated power systems; adaptive step size; improved dynamic projected primal–dual distributed algorithm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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