Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles

Ju-Chan Jang, Taek-Kyu Lim, Ji-Su Lee and Seok-Ho Rhi ()
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Ju-Chan Jang: School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
Taek-Kyu Lim: Thermal Management System R&D Center, Automotive Convergence Parts Technology R&D Division, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Pungse-ro, Pungse-meon, Cheonan 31214, Republic of Korea
Ji-Su Lee: School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
Seok-Ho Rhi: School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-25

Abstract: Water, acetone, and TiO 2 /nano-silver water (NSW) nanofluids were investigated as working fluids in loop thermosyphon battery thermal management systems (LTBMS) under simulated electric vehicle (EV) conditions to evaluate scalability and robustness across inclinations (0° to 60°) and ambient temperatures (−10 °C to 20 °C). Experimental conditions were established with 60 °C as the reference temperature, corresponding to the onset of battery thermal runaway, to ensure relevance to critical thermal management scenarios. Results indicate that LTBMS A maintained battery cell temperatures at 50.4 °C with water and 31.6 °C with acetone under a 50 W heat load. In contrast, LTBMS B achieved cell temperatures of 41.8 °C with water and 42.8 °C with 0.01 vol% TiO 2 nanofluid, however, performance deteriorated at higher nanofluid concentrations due to increased viscosity and related thermophysical constraints. In heating mode, LTBMS A elevated cell temperatures by 16 °C at an ambient temperature of −10 °C using acetone, while LTBMS B attained 52–55 °C at a 100 W heat load with nanofluids. The lightweight LTBMS design demonstrated superior thermal performance compared to conventional air-cooling systems and performance comparable to liquid-cooling systems. Pure water proved to be the most effective working fluid, while nanofluids require further optimization to enhance their practical applicability in EV thermal management.

Keywords: loop thermosyphon; two-phase flow; li-ion battery; heat transfer; battery thermal management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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