Review of Advances in Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid Systems: Control Strategies, Emerging Trends, and Future Possibilities

Kayode Ebenezer Ojo, Akshay Kumar Saha () and Viranjay Mohan Srivastava
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Kayode Ebenezer Ojo: Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
Akshay Kumar Saha: Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
Viranjay Mohan Srivastava: Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-26

Abstract: This paper gives a thorough overview of the technological advancements in microgrid systems, focusing on the Internet of Things (IoT), predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, architectures, control strategies, benefits, and drawbacks. It highlights their importance in boosting system security, guaranteeing real-time control, and increasing energy efficiency. Accordingly, researchers have embraced the involvement of many control capacities through voltage and frequency stability, optimal power sharing, and system optimization in response to the progressively complex and expanding power systems in recent years. Advanced control techniques have garnered significant interest among these management strategies because of their high accuracy and efficiency, flexibility and adaptability, scalability, and real-time predictive skills to manage non-linear systems. This study provides insight into various facets of microgrids (MGs), literature review, and research gaps, particularly concerning their control layers. Additionally, the study discusses new developments like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), blockchain-based cybersecurity, smart monitoring systems, and AI-driven control for MGs optimization. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the necessity of stronger control systems, cutting-edge storage systems, and improved cybersecurity to guarantee that MGs continue to be essential to the shift to a decentralized, low-carbon energy future.

Keywords: microgrid systems; control techniques; internet of things; system security; real-time control; AI-driven control; future energies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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