A Review of Electromagnetic Wind Energy Harvesters Based on Flow-Induced Vibrations

Yidan Zhang, Shen Li, Weilong Wang, Pengfei Zen, Chunlong Li, Yizhou Ye () and Xuefeng He ()
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Yidan Zhang: College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Shen Li: College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Weilong Wang: College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Pengfei Zen: State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
Chunlong Li: State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
Yizhou Ye: College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Xuefeng He: College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-28

Abstract: The urgent demand of wireless sensor nodes for long-life and maintenance-free miniature electrical sources with output power ranging from microwatts to milliwatts has accelerated the development of energy harvesting technologies. For the abundant and renewable nature of wind in environments, flow-induced vibration (FIV)-based wind energy harvesting has emerged as a promising approach. Electromagnetic FIV wind energy harvesters (WEHs) show great potential for realistic applications due to their excellent durability and stability. However, electromagnetic WEHs remain less studied than piezoelectric WEHs, with few dedicated review articles available. This review analyzes the working principle, device structure, and performance characteristics of electromagnetic WEHs based on vortex-induced vibration, galloping, flutter, wake galloping vibration, and Helmholtz resonator. The methods to improve the output power, broaden the operational wind speed range, broaden the operational wind direction range, and enhance the durability are then discussed, providing some suggestions for the development of high-performance electromagnetic FIV WEHs.

Keywords: energy harvesting; wind energy; flow-induced vibration; electromechanical transduction; electromagnetic induction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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