A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm

Shanshan Zhou (), Jingguang Huang, Yuanning Zhang and Yulong Li
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Shanshan Zhou: National Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Jingguang Huang: National Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Yuanning Zhang: Super High Voltage Company of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430050, China
Yulong Li: National Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-19

Abstract: To circumvent the computational bottlenecks associated with the intermediate steps (e.g., least squares fitting) in conventional sine wave similarity principles and directly acquire the energy metrics required for stabilized sinusoidal waveform characterization, this study leverages time domain probability distribution theory. From a complementary advantage perspective, a novel transformer inrush current identification criterion is developed using the Wasserstein distance metric. The methodology employs feature discretization to extract target/template signals, transforming them into state vectors for sample labelling. By quantifying inter-signal energy distribution disparities through this framework, it achieves a precise waveform similarity assessment in sinusoidal regimes. The theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the approach eliminates frequency domain computations while maintaining implementation simplicity. Compared with conventional sine wave similarity methods, the solution streamlines protection logic and significantly enhances practical applicability with accelerated response times. Furthermore, tests conducted on field-recorded circuit breaker closing waveforms using MATLAB R2022a confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving transformer protection performance.

Keywords: Wasserstein distance; fault current; inrush current; energy distribution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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