State-Aware Energy Management Strategy for Marine Multi-Stack Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Fuel Cell Health

Pan Geng and Jingxuan Xu ()
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Pan Geng: Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201308, China
Jingxuan Xu: Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201308, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-18

Abstract: To address the limitations of conventional single-stack fuel cell hybrid systems using equivalent hydrogen consumption strategies, this study proposes a multi-stack energy management strategy incorporating fuel cell health degradation. Leveraging a fuel cell efficiency decay model and lithium-ion battery cycle life assessment, power distribution is reformulated as an equivalent hydrogen consumption optimization problem with stack degradation constraints. A hybrid Genetic Algorithm–Particle Swarm Optimization (GA-PSO) approach achieves global optimization. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the Frequency Decoupling (FD) method, the GA-PSO strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 7.03 g and operational costs by 4.78%; compared with the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, it reduces hydrogen consumption by 3.61 g per operational cycle and decreases operational costs by 2.66%. This strategy ensures stable operation of the marine power system while providing an economically viable solution for hybrid-powered vessels.

Keywords: fuel cell; equivalent hydrogen consumption; state of health; multi-stack; marine hybrid power systems; power distribution; GA-PSO algorithm; energy management; fuel cell degradation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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