Optimal Configuration of Distributed Pumped Storage Capacity with Clean Energy

Yongjia Wang (), Hao Zhong, Xun Li, Wenzhuo Hu and Zhenhui Ouyang
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Yongjia Wang: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
Hao Zhong: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
Xun Li: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
Wenzhuo Hu: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
Zhenhui Ouyang: College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-22

Abstract: Aiming at the economic problems of industrial users with wind power, photovoltaic, and small hydropower resources in clean energy consumption and trading with superior power grids, this paper proposes a distributed pumped storage capacity optimization configuration method considering clean energy systems. First, considering the maximization of the investment benefit of distributed pumped storage as the upper goal, a configuration scheme of the installed capacity is formulated. Second, under the two-part electricity price mechanism, combined with the basin hydraulic coupling relationship model, the operation strategy optimization of distributed pumped storage power stations and small hydropower stations is carried out with the minimum operation cost of the clean energy system as the lower optimization objective. Finally, the bi-level optimization model is solved by combining the alternating direction multiplier method and CPLEX solver. This study demonstrates that distributed pumped storage implementation enhances seasonal operational performance, improving clean energy utilization while reducing industrial electricity costs. A post-implementation analysis revealed monthly operating cost reductions of 2.36, 1.72, and 2.13 million RMB for wet, dry, and normal periods, respectively. Coordinated dispatch strategies significantly decreased hydropower station water wastage by 82,000, 28,000, and 52,000 cubic meters during corresponding periods, confirming simultaneous economic and resource efficiency improvements.

Keywords: clean energy; distributed pumped storage; optimize configuration; two-part electricity price; bi-level optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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