Renewable Energy Communities (RECs): European and Worldwide Distribution, Different Technologies, Management, and Modeling

Sandra Corasaniti (), Paolo Coppa, Dario Atzori and Ateeq Ur Rehman
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Sandra Corasaniti: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Paolo Coppa: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Dario Atzori: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Ateeq Ur Rehman: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-60

Abstract: Renewable energy communities (RECs) are increasingly recognized as pivotal instruments in the global energy transition, offering decentralized, participatory, and sustainable solutions for energy management, specifically regarding energy production and consumption. The present review provides a comprehensive examination of the REC concept, tracing its regulatory evolution, particularly within the European Union through the renewable energy directives (RED II and RED III) and by analyzing its practical implementation across various countries. This paper explores the diverse technologies integrated into REC projects, such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, biogas, hydroelectric, and storage solutions, while also considering the socioeconomic frameworks, management models, and local engagement strategies that underpin their success. Key case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia illustrate the various approaches, challenges, and outcomes of REC initiatives in different geographic and policy contexts. The analysis also highlights barriers to implementing RECs, including regulatory uncertainty and market integration issues, and identifies the best practices and policies that support REC scalability. By synthesizing current trends and lessons learned, this review aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners about the transformative role of RECs in achieving decarbonization goals and accomplishing resilient energy systems.

Keywords: renewable energy communities; energy transition; distributed energy; sustainability; energy innovation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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