Realizing the Role of Hydrogen Energy in Ports: Evidence from Ningbo Zhoushan Port

Xiaohui Zhong (), Yuxin Li, Daogui Tang (), Hamidreza Arasteh and Josep M. Guerrero
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Xiaohui Zhong: Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China
Yuxin Li: School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
Daogui Tang: School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
Hamidreza Arasteh: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Huanjiang Laboratory, Shaoxing 311800, China
Josep M. Guerrero: Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Huanjiang Laboratory, Shaoxing 311800, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-18

Abstract: The maritime sector’s transition to sustainable energy is critical for achieving global carbon neutrality, with container terminals representing a key focus due to their high energy consumption and emissions. This study explores the potential of hydrogen energy as a decarbonization solution for port operations, using the Chuanshan Port Area of Ningbo Zhoushan Port (CPANZP) as a case study. Through a comprehensive analysis of hydrogen production, storage, refueling, and consumption technologies, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating hydrogen systems into port infrastructure. Our findings highlight the successful deployment of a hybrid “wind-solar-hydrogen-storage” energy system at CPANZP, which achieves 49.67% renewable energy contribution and an annual reduction of 22,000 tons in carbon emissions. Key advancements include alkaline water electrolysis with 64.48% efficiency, multi-tier hydrogen storage systems, and fuel cell applications for vehicles and power generation. Despite these achievements, challenges such as high production costs, infrastructure scalability, and data integration gaps persist. The study underscores the importance of policy support, technological innovation, and international collaboration to overcome these barriers and accelerate the adoption of hydrogen energy in ports worldwide. This research provides actionable insights for port operators and policymakers aiming to balance operational efficiency with sustainability goals.

Keywords: hydrogen energy; container terminals; electrolysis; fuel cells; hydrogen refueling station; renewable energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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