Assessment of the Energy Efficiency of Individual Means of Transport in the Process of Optimizing Transport Environments in Urban Areas in Line with the Smart City Idea

Grzegorz Augustyn, Jerzy Mikulik, Wojciech Lewicki () and Mariusz Niekurzak ()
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Grzegorz Augustyn: Faculty of Management, AGH University of Krakow, 30-067 Krakow, Poland
Jerzy Mikulik: Faculty of Management, AGH University of Krakow, 30-067 Krakow, Poland
Wojciech Lewicki: Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Mariusz Niekurzak: Faculty of Management, AGH University of Krakow, 30-067 Krakow, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-29

Abstract: One of the fundamental goals of contemporary mobility is to optimize transport processes in urban areas. The solution in this area seems to be the implementation of the idea of sustainable transport systems based on the Smart City concept. The article presents a case study—an assessment of the possibilities of changing mobility habits based on the idea of sustainable urban transport, taking into account the criterion of energy consumption of individual means of transport. The analyses are based on a comparison of selected means of transport occurring in the urban environment according to several key parameters for the optimization and efficiency of transport processes, i.e., cost, time, travel comfort, and impact on the natural environment, while simultaneously linking them to the criterion of energy consumption of individual means of transport. The analyzed parameters currently constitute the most important group of challenges in the area of shaping and planning optimal and sustainable urban transport. The presented research was used to indicate the connections between various areas of optimization of the transport process and the energy efficiency of individual modes of transport. Analyses have shown that the least time-consuming process of urban mobility is associated with the highest level of CO 2 emissions and, at the same time, the highest level of energy efficiency. However, combining public transport with other means of transport can meet most of the transport expectations of city residents, also in terms of energy optimization. The research results presented in the article can contribute to the creation of a strategy for the development of the transport network based on the postulates of increasing the optimization and efficiency of individual means of transport in urban areas. At the same time, recognizing the criterion of energy intensity of means of transport as leading in the development of sustainable urban mobility. Thus, confirming the important role of existing transport systems in the process of shaping and planning sustainable urban mobility in accordance with the idea of Smart City.

Keywords: shaping and planning sustainable mobility; energy efficiency; optimization of public transport; urban mobility; different transport environments; Smart City concept (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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