Recovery Strategies for Combined Optical Storage Systems Based on System Short-Circuit Ratio (SCR) Thresholds

Qingji Yang, Baohong Li (), Qin Jiang and Qiao Peng
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Qingji Yang: College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Baohong Li: College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Qin Jiang: College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Qiao Peng: College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-23

Abstract: The penetration rate of variable energy sources in the current power grid is increasing, with the aim being to expand the use of these energy sources and to replace the traditional black start power supply. This study investigates the black start of a photovoltaic storage joint system based on the system’s short-circuit ratio threshold. Firstly, the principles and control modes of the photovoltaic (PV) system, energy storage system (ESS), and high-voltage direct current (DC) transmission system are studied separately to build an overall model; secondly, computational determinations of the short-circuit ratio under different scenarios are introduced to analyze the strength of the system, and the virtual inertia and virtual damping of the PV system are configured based on this; finally, the change trend of the storage system’s state of charge (SOC) is computed and observed, and the limits of what the system can support in each stage are determined. An electromagnetic transient simulation model of a black start system is constructed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and according to the proposed recovery strategy, the system frequency is maintained in the range of 49.4~50.6 Hz during the entire black start process; the fluctuation in maximum frequency after the recovery of the DC transmission system is no more than 0.1%; and the fluctuation in photovoltaic power at each stage is less than 3%. In addition, all the key indexes meet the requirements for black start technology, which verifies the validity of the strategy and provides theoretical support and a practical reference for the black start of a grid with variable energy sources.

Keywords: black start; high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system; PV storage system; virtual inertial parameters (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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