Load Frequency Control of Power Systems Using GPI Observer-Based Controller

Mehrdad Dorostian () and Bahram Shafai
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Mehrdad Dorostian: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Bahram Shafai: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: This paper considers the problem of the load frequency control of power systems when system states are not directly available for implementation and in the presence of unknown disturbances. The conventional proportional observer (PO) fails to solve this problem unless the disturbances are known or can be explicitly modeled. Therefore, we provide a detailed analysis of the proportional integral observer (PIO) and its generalization (GPIO) for the load frequency control (LFC) of a single-area power system. This study demonstrates that both observers can be reliably employed, depending on the scenarios of system dynamics. Since they are able to estimate both the states and unknown disturbances, they can be integrated in LFC with disturbance accommodation to ensure the system stability and to satisfy the specified performance measures. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the advantage of GPI observer-based LFC for a single-area power system model.

Keywords: load-frequency control; power systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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