Multi-Criteria Optimization and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Wind–Solar–Hydrogen Hybrid System for a Plateau Tourist City Using HOMER and Shannon Entropy-EDAS Models

Jingyu Shi, Ran Xu, Dongfang Li, Tao Zhu, Nanyu Fan, Zhanghua Hong, Guohua Wang, Yong Han () and Xing Zhu ()
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Jingyu Shi: State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Ran Xu: State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Dongfang Li: State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Tao Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Nanyu Fan: China Three Gorges Corporation Yunnan Energy Investment Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China
Zhanghua Hong: China Three Gorges Corporation Yunnan Energy Investment Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China
Guohua Wang: China Three Gorges Corporation Yunnan Energy Investment Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China
Yong Han: China Three Gorges Corporation Yunnan Energy Investment Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China
Xing Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-26

Abstract: Hydrogen offers an effective pathway for the large-scale storage of renewable energy. For a tourist city located in a plateau region rich in renewable energy, hydrogen shows great potential for reducing carbon emissions and utilizing uncertain renewable energy. Herein, the wind–solar–hydrogen stand-alone and grid-connected systems in the plateau tourist city of Lijiang City in Yunnan Province are modeled and techno-economically evaluated by using the HOMER Pro software (version 3.14.2) with the multi-criteria decision analysis models. The system is composed of 5588 kW solar photovoltaic panels, an 800 kW wind turbine, a 1600 kW electrolyzer, a 421 kWh battery, and a 50 kW fuel cell. In addition to meeting the power requirements for system operation, the system has the capacity to provide daily electricity for 200 households in a neighborhood and supply 240 kg of hydrogen per day to local hydrogen-fueled buses. The stand-alone system can produce 10.15 × 10 6 kWh of electricity and 93.44 t of hydrogen per year, with an NPC of USD 8.15 million, an LCOE of USD 0.43/kWh, and an LCOH of USD 5.26/kg. The grid-connected system can generate 10.10 × 10 6 kWh of electricity and 103.01 ton of hydrogen annually. Its NPC is USD 7.34 million, its LCOE is USD 0.11/kWh, and its LCOH is USD 3.42/kg. This study provides a new solution for optimizing the configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems, which will develop the hydrogen economy and create low-carbon-emission energy systems.

Keywords: hybrid renewable energy systems; stand-alone systems; grid-connected systems; HOMER Pro; multiple-criteria decision making (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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