Review of Material-Handling Challenges in Energy Production from Biomass and Other Solid Waste Materials

Tong Deng (), Vivek Garg and Michael S. A. Bradley
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Tong Deng: The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
Vivek Garg: The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
Michael S. A. Bradley: The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-30

Abstract: Biomass and other solid wastes create potential environmental and health hazards in our modern society. Conversion of the wastes into energy presents a promising avenue for sustainable energy generation. However, the feasibility of the approach is limited by the challenges in material handling because of the special properties of the materials. Despite their critical importance, the complexities of material handling often evade scrutiny until operational implementation. This paper highlights the challenges inherent in standard solid material-handling processes, preceded by a concise review of common solid waste typologies and their physical properties, particularly those related to biomass and biowastes. It delves into the complexities of material flow, storage, compaction, agglomeration, separation, transport, and hazard management. Specialised characterisation techniques essential for informed process design are also discussed to mitigate operational risks. In conclusion, this paper emphasises the necessity of a tailored framework before the establishment of any further conversion processes. Given the heterogeneous nature of biomaterials, material-handling equipment must demonstrate adaptability to accommodate the substantial variability in material properties in large-scale production. This approach aims to enhance feasibility and efficacy of any energy conversion initiatives by using biomass or other solid wastes, thereby advancing sustainable resource utilisation and environmental stewardship.

Keywords: biomass and biowaste; energy production; handling challenges; material physical properties; characterisations; flow properties (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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