A Review of Key Factors Shaping the Development of the U.S. Wind Energy Market in the Context of Contemporary Challenges

Sebastian Zupok, Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka (), Artur Dmowski, Stefan Dyrka and Andrzej Hordyj
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Sebastian Zupok: Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu National Louis University, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka: Pomeranian Higher School in Starogard Gdanski, 83-200 Starogard Gdański, Poland
Artur Dmowski: WSEI University in Lublin, 20-209 Lublin, Poland
Stefan Dyrka: Katowice Business University, 40-659 Katowice, Poland
Andrzej Hordyj: Pomeranian Higher School in Starogard Gdanski, 83-200 Starogard Gdański, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-24

Abstract: The United States has emerged as a global leader in wind energy deployment, yet the industry faces evolving challenges linked to policy uncertainty, infrastructure constraints, and supply chain disruptions. This review aims to analyze selected aspects of the U.S. wind energy market in light of recent economic, regulatory, and environmental developments. Drawing upon the academic literature, policy documents, and industry reports, the paper outlines key trends in both onshore and offshore wind sectors, evaluates technological and economic progress, and identifies structural barriers that may hinder further growth. Special attention is given to the role of federal incentives, such as the Inflation Reduction Act, and to the regional differentiation in wind capacity expansion. Additionally, the potential of small-scale wind systems for individual- and community-level energy resilience is explored as an underrepresented area in current research. The findings suggest that while the U.S. wind market holds significant untapped potential, strategic improvements in grid modernization, permitting processes, and public engagement are essential. The review highlights the need for more inclusive and regionally sensitive policy approaches to unlock future development pathways in the U.S. wind energy sector.

Keywords: climate change; wind energy; renewable energy market; energy policy; energy transition; energy security (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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