Protection Principle of DC Line Based on Fault Component of Line Mode Voltage with Current-Limiting Reactor

Weiming Zhang, Tiecheng Li, Xianzhi Wang, Qingquan Liu, Shiyan Liu, Mingyu Luo and Zhihui Dai ()
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Weiming Zhang: Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Tiecheng Li: Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Xianzhi Wang: Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Qingquan Liu: Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Shiyan Liu: Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Mingyu Luo: Hebei Key Laboratory of Microgrid and Distributed Energy Storage, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Zhihui Dai: Hebei Key Laboratory of Microgrid and Distributed Energy Storage, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-27

Abstract: High-resistance faults on the DC lines of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC grids lead to insufficient protection reliability, and the introduction of current-limiting strategies alters the system’s intrinsic fault characteristics, degrading protection performance. To address these issues, we propose a DC-line protection scheme that is immune to converter control strategies and highly tolerant to fault resistance. First, based on the grid topology, post-fault current paths are analyzed, and the fault characteristics produced solely by the fault-induced voltage source are identified. A sequential overlapping derivative transformation is then employed to magnify the discrepancy between internal and external faults, forming the core of the fault-identification criterion; the zero-mode component is used for pole selection. Finally, a four-terminal VSC-HVDC model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC version 4.6.2 for validation. Simulation results show that, after applying the current-limiting strategy, the characteristic quantity changes only marginally, and the proposed protection can reliably withstand fault resistances of up to 700 Ω.

Keywords: flexible DC transmission; line protection; current-limiting reactor; line mode voltage; fault identification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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