Mechanism, Modeling and Challenges of Geological Storage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Shun Wang, Kan Jin (), Wei Zhao (), Luojia Ding, Jingning Zhang and Di Xu
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Shun Wang: College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Kan Jin: College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Wei Zhao: School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology—Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Luojia Ding: College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Jingning Zhang: College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Di Xu: College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-25

Abstract: CO 2 geological storage (CGS) is critical for mitigating emissions in hard-to-abate industries under carbon neutrality. However, its implementation faces significant challenges. This paper examines CO 2 -trapping mechanisms and proposes key safety measures: the continuous monitoring of in situ CO 2 migration and formation pressure dynamics to prevent remobilization, and pre-injection lithological analysis to assess mineral trapping potential. CO 2 injection alters reservoir stresses, inducing surface deformation; understanding long-term rock mechanics (creep, damage) is paramount. Thermomechanical effects from supercritical CO 2 injection pose risks to caprock integrity and fault reactivation, necessitating comprehensive, multi-scale, real-time monitoring for leakage detection. Geostatistical analysis of well log and seismic data enables realistic subsurface characterization, improving numerical model accuracy for risk assessment. This review synthesizes current CGS knowledge, analyzes technical challenges, and aims to inform future site selection, operations, and monitoring strategies.

Keywords: CO 2 geological storage; trapping mechanisms; surrounding rock deterioration; CGS simulation methods; in-site monitoring (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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