Evaluation Method for Flame-Retardant Property of Sheet Molding Compound Materials Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Qishuai Liang, Zhongchen Xia, Jiang Ye, Chuan Zhou, Yufeng Wu, Jie Li, Xuhui Cui, Honglin Jian and Xilin Wang ()
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Qishuai Liang: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Zhongchen Xia: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Jiang Ye: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Chuan Zhou: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Yufeng Wu: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Jie Li: Transmission Operation & Maintenance Branch of Hainan Power Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Xuhui Cui: Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
Honglin Jian: Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China
Xilin Wang: Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: The electric energy metering box serves as a crucial node in power grid operations, offering essential protection for key components in the distribution network, such as smart meters, data acquisition terminals, and circuit breakers, thereby ensuring their safe and reliable operation. However, the non-metallic housings of these boxes are susceptible to aging under environmental stress, which can result in diminished flame-retardant properties and an increased risk of fire. Currently, there is a lack of rapid and accurate methods for assessing the fire resistance of non-metallic metering box enclosures. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which enables fast, multi-element, and non-contact analysis, was utilized to develop an effective assessment approach. Thermal aging experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the degradation patterns and mechanisms underlying the reduced flame-retardant performance of sheet molding compound (SMC), a representative non-metallic material used in metering box enclosures. The results showed that the intensity ratio of aluminum ionic spectral lines is highly correlated with the flame-retardant grade, serving as an effective performance indicator. On this basis, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model was developed utilizing LIBS data, which achieved over 92% prediction accuracy for different flame-retardant grades on the test set and demonstrated high recognition accuracy for previously unseen samples. This method offers significant potential for rapid, on-site evaluation of flame-retardant grades of non-metallic electric energy metering boxes, thereby supporting the safe and reliable operation of power systems.

Keywords: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; sheet molding compound; flame-retardant property; convolutional neural network (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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