Bi-Level Optimal Operation Method for Regional Energy Storage Considering Dynamic Electricity Prices

Weilin Zhang (), Yongwei Liang, Zengxiang Yang, Yong Feng, Jie Jin, Chenmu Zhou and Jiazhi Lei
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Weilin Zhang: State Grid Wenling Power Supply Company, Wenling City, Taizhou 317599, China
Yongwei Liang: State Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318001, China
Zengxiang Yang: State Grid Wenling Power Supply Company, Wenling City, Taizhou 317599, China
Yong Feng: State Grid Wenling Power Supply Company, Wenling City, Taizhou 317599, China
Jie Jin: State Grid Wenling Power Supply Company, Wenling City, Taizhou 317599, China
Chenmu Zhou: State Grid Wenling Power Supply Company, Wenling City, Taizhou 317599, China
Jiazhi Lei: State Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou 318001, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: Aiming at the incentive effect of real-time electricity prices on load demand response in the context of the electricity market, this paper proposed a dual layer optimization operation method for regional energy storage considering dynamic electricity prices and battery capacity degradation. The innovation of the proposed method lies in introducing user satisfaction and establishing real-time electricity price models based on fuzzy theory and consumer satisfaction, making dynamic electricity prices more realistic. At the same time, the proposed dual layer optimization operation model for regional energy storage has modeled the capacity degradation performance of energy storage batteries, which more accurately reflects the practicality of energy storage batteries. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to efficiently optimize charging/discharging strategies, balancing economic benefits with battery longevity. The correctness of the proposed method is verified through simulation examples using MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate that real-time electricity prices based on consumer satisfaction increase load demand response resources, resulting in stronger absorption of new energy sources, improving by 73.7%, albeit with reduced economic efficiency by 11.27%. While the real-time electricity prices based on fuzzy theory exhibit weaker absorption of new energy sources improving by only 36.4%, but achieve the best overall economic performance.

Keywords: regional energy storage; dynamic electricity prices; capacity degradation; bi-level optimization; operation scheme (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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