Enhanced Interior PMSM Design for Electric Vehicles Using Ship-Shaped Notching and Advanced Optimization Algorithms

Ali Amini, Fariba Farrokh, Farshid Mahmouditabar, Nick J. Baker () and Abolfazl Vahedi
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Ali Amini: Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
Fariba Farrokh: Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
Farshid Mahmouditabar: School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Nick J. Baker: School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Abolfazl Vahedi: Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-19

Abstract: This paper compares two types of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) to determine the most effective arrangement for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The comparison is based on torque ripple, power, efficiency, and mechanical objectives. The study introduces a novel technique that optimizes notching parameters in a selected motor topology by inserting a ship-shaped notch into the bridge area between double U-shaped layers. In addition, this study presents two comprehensive approaches of robust combinatorial optimization that are used in machines for the first time. In the first approach, modeling is performed to identify important variables using Pearson Correlation and the mathematical model of the Anisotropic Kriging model from the Surrogate model. Then, in the second approach, the proposed algorithm, Multi-Objective Genetics Algorithm (MOGA), and Surrogate Quadratic Programming (SQP) are combined and implemented on the Anisotropic Kriging model to choose a robust model with minimum error. The algorithm is then verified with FEM results and compared with other conventional optimization algorithms, such as the Genetics Algorithm (GA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The motor characteristics are analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and global map analysis to optimize the performance of the IPMSM for EV applications. A comparative study shows that the enhanced PMSM developed through the optimization process demonstrates superior performance indices for EVs.

Keywords: Anisotropic Kriging model; interior permanent magnet synchronous motors; notch; Surrogate model; Surrogate Quadratic Programming; vibration and noise (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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