Design of a Fuzzy Logic Control System for a Battery Energy Storage System in a Photovoltaic Power Plant to Enhance Frequency Stability

Alain Silva, Mauro Amaro and Jorge Mirez ()
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Alain Silva: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru
Mauro Amaro: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru
Jorge Mirez: Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-40

Abstract: The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation in power systems is progressively displacing traditional synchronous generators, leading to a significant reduction in the system’s equivalent inertia. This decline undermines the system’s ability to withstand rapid frequency variations, adversely affecting its dynamic stability. In this context, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have emerged as a viable alternative for providing synthetic inertia and enhancing the system’s response to frequency disturbances. This paper proposes the design and implementation of an adaptive fuzzy logic controller aimed at frequency regulation in PV-BESS systems. The controller uses frequency deviation (Δ f ), rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), and battery state of charge (SOC) as input variables, with the objective of improving the system’s response to frequency variations. The controller’s performance was evaluated through simulations conducted in the MATLAB environment, considering various operating conditions and disturbance scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves the lowest maximum frequency deviation across all analyzed scenarios when the initial SOC is 50%, outperforming other comparative methods. Finally, compliance with primary frequency regulation (PFR) was verified in accordance with the Technical Procedure PR-21 related to spinning reserve, issued by the Peruvian Committee for Economic Operation of the System.

Keywords: primary frequency regulation; battery energy storage system; fuzzy logic control; photovoltaic power plant; synthetic inertia; frequency stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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