A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Based on Liquid Cooling and Its Evaluation Method

Hongkai Liu, Chentong Shi, Chenghao Liu and Wei Chang ()
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Hongkai Liu: National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Chentong Shi: National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Chenghao Liu: National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Wei Chang: National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-27

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) provide a feasible solution for the electrification of the transportation sector. However, the large-scale deployment of EVs over wide working conditions is limited by the temperature sensitivity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, an efficient and reliable battery thermal management system (BTMS) becomes essential to achieve precise temperature control of batteries and prevent potential thermal runaway. Owing to their high heat-transfer efficiency and controllability, liquid-based cooling technologies have become a key research focus in the field of BTMS. In both design and operation, BTMSs are required to comprehensively consider thermal characteristics, energy consumption, economics, and environmental impact, which demands more scientific and rational evaluation criteria. This paper reviews the latest research progress on liquid-based cooling technologies, with a focus on indirect-contact and direct-contact cooling. In addition, existing evaluation methods are summarized. This work proposes insights for future research on liquid-cooled BTMS development in EVs.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; electric vehicle; liquid-based cooling battery thermal management system; evaluation method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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