DynaG Algorithm-Based Optimal Power Flow Design for Hybrid Wind–Solar–Storage Power Systems Considering Demand Response

Xuan Ruan, Lingyun Zhang, Jie Zhou, Zhiwei Wang, Shaojun Zhong, Fuyou Zhao and Bo Yang ()
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Xuan Ruan: Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Lingyun Zhang: Yunnan Power Dispatching and Control Center, Kunming 650011, China
Jie Zhou: Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Zhiwei Wang: Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Shaojun Zhong: Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Fuyou Zhao: Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Bo Yang: Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-25

Abstract: With a high proportion of renewable energy sources connected to the distribution network, traditional optimal power flow (OPF) methods face significant challenges including multi-objective co-optimization and dynamic scenario adaptation. This paper proposes a dynamic optimization framework based on the Dynamic Gravitational Search Algorithm (DynaG) for a multi-energy complementary distribution network incorporating wind power, photovoltaic, and energy storage systems. A multi-scenario OPF model is developed considering the time-varying characteristics of wind and solar penetration (low/medium/high), seasonal load variations, and demand response participation. The model aims to minimize both network loss and operational costs, while simultaneously optimizing power supply capability indicators such as power transfer rates and capacity-to-load ratios. Key enhancements to DynaG algorithm include the following: (1) an adaptive gravitational constant adjustment strategy to balance global exploration and local exploitation; (2) an inertial mass updating mechanism constrained to improve convergence for high-dimensional decision variables; and (3) integration of chaotic initialization and dynamic neighborhood search to enhance solution diversity under complex constraints. Validation using the IEEE 33-bus system demonstrates that under 30% penetration scenarios, the proposed DynaG algorithm reduces capacity ratio volatility by 3.37% and network losses by 1.91% compared to non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III), multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), multi-objective atomic orbital search algorithm (MOAOS), and multi-objective gravitational search algorithm (MOGSA). These results show the algorithm’s robustness against renewable fluctuations and its potential for enhancing the resilience and operational efficiency of high-penetration renewable energy distribution networks.

Keywords: energy storage system; high-penetration renewable energy integration; multi-objective gravitational search algorithm; optimal power flow; power supply reliability enhancement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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