Application of Machine Learning in Vibration Energy Harvesting from Rotating Machinery Using Jeffcott Rotor Model

Yi-Ren Wang () and Chien-Yu Chen
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Yi-Ren Wang: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, NewTaipei City 25137, Taiwan
Chien-Yu Chen: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, NewTaipei City 25137, Taiwan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-28

Abstract: This study presents a machine learning-based framework for predicting the electrical output of a vibration energy harvesting system (VEHS) integrated with a Jeffcott rotor model. Vibration induced by rotor imbalance is converted into electrical energy via piezoelectric elements, and the system’s dynamic response is simulated using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method across varying mass ratios, rotational speeds, and eccentricities. The resulting dataset is validated experimentally with a root-mean-square error below 5%. Three predictive models—Deep Neural Network (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—are trained and evaluated. While DNN and LSTM yield a high predictive accuracy (R 2 > 0.9999), XGBoost achieves comparable accuracy (R 2 = 0.9994) with significantly lower computational overhead. The results demonstrate that among the tested models, XGBoost provides the best trade-off between speed and accuracy, achieving R 2 > 0.999 while requiring the least training time. These results demonstrate that XGBoost might be particularly suitable for real-time evaluation and edge deployment in rotor-based VEHS, offering a practical balance between speed and precision.

Keywords: vibration energy harvesting (VEH); rotating machinery; Jeffcott rotor model; machine learning (ML); deep neural network (DNN); long short-term memory (LSTM); eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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