An International Review of Hydrogen Technology and Policy Developments, with a Focus on Wind- and Nuclear Power-Produced Hydrogen and Natural Hydrogen

Kathleen Araújo (), Edward Potter, Anna Kouts, Oliver Newman, Max Milarvie, Fred Carcas, Cassie Koerner and Jacob Placido
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Kathleen Araújo: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Edward Potter: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Anna Kouts: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Oliver Newman: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Max Milarvie: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Fred Carcas: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Cassie Koerner: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA
Jacob Placido: Energy Policy Institute, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1014, USA

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-35

Abstract: The potential for hydrogen to reshape energy systems has been recognized for over a century. Yet, as decarbonization priorities have sharpened in many regions, three distinct frontier areas are critical to consider: hydrogen produced from wind; hydrogen produced from nuclear power; and the development of natural hydrogen. These pathways reflect technology and policy changes, including a 54% increase in the globally installed wind capacity since 2020, plus new signs of potential emerging in nuclear energy and natural hydrogen. Broadly speaking, there is a considerable number of studies covering hydrogen production from electrolysis, yet none systematically examine wind- and nuclear-derived hydrogen, natural hydrogen, or the policies that enable their adoption in key countries. This article highlights international policy and technology developments, with a focus on prime movers: Germany, China, the US, and Russia.

Keywords: hydrogen production; natural hydrogen; wind power; nuclear power; policy; markets; energy conversion/transformation; technology trends (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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