Energy Transition in Public Transport: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Diesel, Electric, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses in Poland’s GZM Metropolis

Grzegorz Krawczyk (), Grzegorz Karoń () and Tomasz Wojciech Szulc
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Grzegorz Krawczyk: Department of Transport, University of Economics in Katowice, 40-287 Katowice, Poland
Grzegorz Karoń: Department of Transport of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
Tomasz Wojciech Szulc: Department of Logistics, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-15

Abstract: Energy transformation is one of the processes shaping contemporary urban transport systems, with public transport being the subject of initiatives designed to enhance its attractiveness and transport utility, including electromobility. This article presents a case study for a metropolitan conurbation—the GZM Metropolis in Poland—considering the economic efficiency of implementing buses with conventional diesel engines, electric buses (battery electric buses), and hydrogen fuel cell-powered buses. The analysis is based on the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) method using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method.

Keywords: public transport; zero-emission bus; hydrogen; electric buses (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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