An Improved Sampling-Based Impedance Bridge

Marian Kampik, Krzysztof Musioł (), Ryszard Rybski, Janusz Kaczmarek, Mirosław Kozioł, Jerzy Augustyn, Adam Ziółek, Jolanta Jursza and Maciej Koszarny
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Marian Kampik: Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Krzysztof Musioł: Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Ryszard Rybski: Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
Janusz Kaczmarek: Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
Mirosław Kozioł: Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
Jerzy Augustyn: Department of Computer Science, Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Adam Ziółek: Electricity and Radiation Department, Central Office of Measures, 00-139 Warszawa, Poland
Jolanta Jursza: Electricity and Radiation Department, Central Office of Measures, 00-139 Warszawa, Poland
Maciej Koszarny: Electricity and Radiation Department, Central Office of Measures, 00-139 Warszawa, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-13

Abstract: This paper describes an improved version of a sampling-based bridge designed for impedance calibration. Based on the original concept of the new multiplexer, which constitutes a key element of the improved impedance bridge, we propose a new procedure for determining the complex voltage ratio using both successive and simultaneous sampling. The procedure significantly improves the accuracy of impedance comparisons by eliminating digitizer gain errors and reducing errors caused by instabilities in the excitation voltages supplied by the precision sources driving the bridge arms. An implementation of the new procedure, employing an innovative cross-multiplexer together with modified software, is presented. We also provide an analysis of selected error sources, including the effects of digitizer nonlinearity, which is crucial when applying the modified method for determining the impedance ratio. Finally, validation results are presented, demonstrating the performance and accuracy of the SUT sampling-based bridge in comparison with another validated bridge used at the Italian National Metrology Institute (INRIM) in Turin.

Keywords: impedance comparison; impedance standards; sampling bridge; calibration; nonlinearity error (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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