Optimized Operation Strategy for Multi-Regional Integrated Energy Systems Based on a Bilevel Stackelberg Game Framework

Fei Zhao (), Lei Du and Shumei Chu
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Fei Zhao: Department of Electric Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Lei Du: Harbin Power Supply Company, State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Haerbin 150009, China
Shumei Chu: Department of Electric Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-22

Abstract: To enhance spatial resource complementarity and cross-entity coordination among multi-regional integrated energy systems (MRIESs), an optimized operation strategy is developed based on a bilevel Stackelberg game framework. In this framework, the integrated energy system operator (IESO) and MRIES act as the leader and followers, respectively. Guided by an integrated demand response (IDR) mechanism and a collaborative green certificate and carbon emission trading (GC–CET) scheme, energy prices and consumption strategies are optimized through iterative game interactions. Inter-regional electricity transaction prices and volumes are modeled as coupling variables. The solution is obtained using a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) with mixed-integer programming (MIP). Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy effectively enhances energy complementarity and optimizes consumption structures across regions. It also balances the interests of the IESO and MRIES, reducing operating costs by 9.97%, 27.7%, and 4.87% in the respective regions. Moreover, in the case study, renewable energy utilization rates in different regions—including an urban residential zone, a renewable-rich suburban area, and an industrial zone—are improved significantly, with Region 2 increasing from 95.06% and Region 3 from 77.47% to full consumption (100%), contributing to notable reductions in carbon emissions.

Keywords: multi-regional integrated energy system; energy interaction; integrated demand response; green certificate–carbon collaborative trading; Stackelberg game (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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