Clustering EU Member States by Energy Security Level Using Kohonen Maps

Olena Ivashko (), Anastasiia Simakhova, Vladyslav Soliakov and Jerzy Choroszczak
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Olena Ivashko: Department of Finance, Lesia Ukrainka Volyn National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
Anastasiia Simakhova: Department of Economics, State University “Kyiv Aviation Institute”, 03058 Kyiv, Ukraine
Vladyslav Soliakov: Department of Economics, State University “Kyiv Aviation Institute”, 03058 Kyiv, Ukraine
Jerzy Choroszczak: Faculty of Social Sciences and Computer Sciences, Nowy Sacz School of Business National Louis University, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-15

Abstract: The topic of energy security is relevant for EU countries that pay great attention to new renewable energy sources and sustainable environmental development. The purpose of the article is to analyze and group EU countries by their level of energy security. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods and Kohonen maps (Deductor Studio package) were used. This article analyzes the state of energy security in EU countries, energy imports, the development of renewable energy sources, energy consumption, and energy security challenges. As a result of grouping EU countries according to Kohonen maps, three clusters were identified: countries with high, medium, and relatively low levels of energy security. The approach demonstrated the effectiveness of neural network-based clustering in revealing structural differences in national energy systems. The findings indicate that to strengthen energy security across the European Union, it is important to adopt differentiated approaches tailored to the specific needs of each cluster. The practical significance of the article lies in clustering EU countries by their energy security potential, which provides a basis for developing and implementing appropriate policies to enhance energy security. Recommendations for strengthening energy security were proposed for each cluster.

Keywords: energy security; EU; renewable energy; Kohonen maps; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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