High-Impedance Grounding Fault Protection in Distribution Networks Based on Single-Phase Isolation Transformer and Phase-Edge Additional Capacitance

Hua Zhang, Xueneng Su, Zongmin Yu (), Jing Wang and Cheng Long
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Hua Zhang: State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610095, China
Xueneng Su: State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610095, China
Zongmin Yu: Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, China
Jing Wang: Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, China
Cheng Long: State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610095, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-24

Abstract: High impedance grounding faults (HIGFs) are a common yet difficult-to-detect issue in distribution networks. Characterized by low fault currents and prolonged durations, they pose a significant risk of triggering secondary hazards such as wildfires. Existing HIGF prevention and control technologies face challenges in effectively addressing arc ignition, fault current limitation, and wildfire mitigation. To tackle these limitations, this paper proposes a novel asymmetric operational structure incorporating a single-phase isolation transformer and supplementary edge-phase capacitance. Through theoretical modeling and simulation analysis, the interrelations among fault current, phase voltage, zero-sequence voltage, and HIGF characteristics are systematically explored. A coordinated control strategy is developed to optimize three-phase voltage distribution within the distribution network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed configuration significantly reduces edge-phase voltages, suppresses fault current levels, prevents arc initiation, extends arc ignition delay times, and consequently mitigates wildfire risk. This study presents a new technical pathway for HIGF prevention and control, offering both practical engineering value and theoretical insight.

Keywords: high impedance grounding fault; distribution system; isolation transformer; fault arc; wildfire prevention and control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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