Experimental Determination of the Power Coefficient and Energy-Efficient Operating Zone for a 2.5 MW Wind Turbine Under High-Wind Conditions

Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru (), Samuel Ciucurita and Cristina-Lavinia Milos
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Sorin Musuroi: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Ciprian Sorandaru: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Samuel Ciucurita: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Cristina-Lavinia Milos: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-19

Abstract: This study investigates the behavior of large-scale wind turbines operating under high wind speed conditions. A particular emphasis is placed on power output limitations and the dynamic adjustment of rotor blade pitch angles to ensure system stability and prevent structural or operational damage. The novelty of this work lies in integrating real operational data with simplified empirical models, C P ( ω ) and P WT ( β , V ), to identify an energy-efficient operating zone that minimizes curtailment losses. Using experimental data from a 2.5 MW wind turbine located in the Dobrogea region of Romania, the power curves and mechanical behavior under variable pitch control were analyzed. At a wind speed of 16.5 m/s, the theoretical available power exceeded 12 MW, while the measured output was curtailed to 2.52 MW, corresponding to an ≈80% loss due to pitch regulation. The recalculated power coefficient C P decreased from ≈0.48 at V = 10 m/s to ≈0.28 at V = 16.5 m/s. Polynomial fitting achieved R 2 = 0.982 and RMSE = 0.014, ensuring accurate representation of experimental data. Results demonstrate significant losses in extractable wind power when the turbine is operated in a curtailed mode due to pitch regulation. Strategies for maintaining maximum power point (MPP) operation are discussed, along with potential implications of coupling turbines with energy storage systems to reduce curtailment effects. The findings contribute to improved wind turbine control strategies in variable and extreme wind environments. The theoretical models developed in this study were validated using real-world data recorded from a GEWE-B2.5-100 wind turbine located in Dobrogea, Romania.

Keywords: wind energy system; high wind speed; pitch control; power coefficient; maximum power point (MPP) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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