Driver-Oriented Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses

Xiang Tian, Ma Wan, Xinqiang Chen, Yingfeng Cai (), Xiaodong Sun () and Zhen Zhu
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Xiang Tian: Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Ma Wan: Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Xinqiang Chen: Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China
Yingfeng Cai: Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Xiaodong Sun: Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Zhen Zhu: Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 18, 1-18

Abstract: The adaptability of the supervisory control strategy of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) to different driving styles determines the energy-saving performance. This paper proposes a driver-oriented adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for PHEBs. The strategy aims to improve the fuel economy of PHEBs as much as possible by adapting to different driving styles while satisfying the physical constraints of the hybrid power system. Firstly, an online driving style recognition algorithm based on the Fuzzy K -means (FKM) algorithm and the random forest (RF) method is devised, in which the FKM algorithm is used to preprocess the feature parameters related to driving styles and the RF method is utilized to identify the driver’s driving style. Secondly, the driving style recognition results are introduced into the ECMS framework to form a driver-oriented energy management strategy. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified using both Matlab/Simulink and Hardware-in-the-Loop. The verification results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy improves the fuel economy of PHEBs.

Keywords: plug-in hybrid electric bus; driving style; energy management strategy; ECMS; fuel economy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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