Integrated Lithofacies, Diagenesis, and Fracture Control on Reservoir Quality in Ultra-Deep Tight Sandstones: A Case from the Bashijiqike Formation, Kuqa Depression

Wendan Song, Zhaohui Xu (), Huaimin Xu, Lidong Wang and Yanli Wang
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Wendan Song: State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
Zhaohui Xu: State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
Huaimin Xu: State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
Lidong Wang: Dina Oil & Gas Production Management Area, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China
Yanli Wang: Kela Oil & Gas Production Management Area, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-27

Abstract: Fractured tight sandstone reservoirs pose challenges for gas development due to low matrix porosity and permeability, complex pore structures, and pervasive fractures. This study focuses on the Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen Gas Field, Kuqa Depression, aiming to clarify the geological controls on reservoir quality. Lithofacies, diagenetic facies, and fracture facies were systematically classified by core analyses, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), grain size analyses, mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), well logs and resistivity imaging logging (FMI). Their impacts on porosity, permeability and gas productivity were quantitatively assessed. A ternary reservoir quality assessment model was established by coupling these three factors. Results show that five lithofacies, four diagenetic facies, and four fracture facies jointly control reservoir performance. The high-energy gravelly sandstone facies exhibit an average porosity of 6.0% and average permeability of 0.066 mD, while the fine-grained sandstone shows poor properties due to compaction and clay content. Unstable component dissolution facies enhance secondary porosity to 6.0% and permeability to 0.093 mD. Reticulate and conjugate fracture patterns correspond to gas production rates two to five times higher than those with single fractures. These findings support targeted reservoir classification and improved development strategies for ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs.

Keywords: Bashijiqike Formation; ultra-deep; reservoir characterization; lithofacies; diagenesis; fracture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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