Energy Optimization of Motor-Driven Systems Using Variable Frequency Control, Soft Starters, and Machine Learning Forecasting

Hashnayne Ahmed, Cristián Cárdenas-Lailhacar and S. A. Sherif ()
Additional contact information
Hashnayne Ahmed: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Cristián Cárdenas-Lailhacar: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
S. A. Sherif: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-17

Abstract: This paper presents a unified modeling framework for quantifying power and energy consumption in motor-driven systems operating under variable frequency control and soft starter conditions. By formulating normalized expressions for voltage, current, and power factor as functions of motor speed, the model enables accurate estimation of instantaneous and cumulative energy use using only measurable electrical quantities. The effect of soft starter operation during startup is incorporated through ramp-based profiles, while variable frequency control is modeled through dynamic speed modulation. Analytical results show that variable speed control can achieve energy savings of up to 36.1% for sinusoidal speed profiles and up to 42.9% when combined with soft starter operation, with the soft starter alone contributing a consistent 8.6% reduction independent of the power factor. To support energy optimization under uncertain demand scenarios, a two-stage stochastic optimization framework is developed for motor sizing and control assignment, and four physics-guided machine learning models—MLP, LSTM, GRU, and XGBoost—are benchmarked to forecast normalized energy ratios from key electrical parameters, enabling rapid and interpretable predictions. The proposed framework provides a scalable, interpretable, and practical tool for monitoring, diagnostics, and smart energy management of industrial motor-driven systems.

Keywords: energy optimization; motor-driven systems; physics-guided neural networks; variable frequency control; soft-start control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/19/5135/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/19/5135/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:19:p:5135-:d:1759359

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Cassie Shen

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().