Trailing-Edge Noise and Amplitude Modulation Under Yaw-Induced Partial Wake: A Curl–UVLM Analysis with Atmospheric Stability Effects

Homin Kim, Taeseok Yuk, Kukhwan Yu and Soogab Lee ()
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Homin Kim: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Taeseok Yuk: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Kukhwan Yu: Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Soogab Lee: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-27

Abstract: This study examines the effects of partial wakes caused by upstream turbine yaw control on the trailing-edge noise of a downstream turbine under stable and neutral atmospheric conditions. Using a combined model coupling the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) with the Curl wake model, calibrated with large eddy simulation data, wake behavior and noise characteristics were analyzed for yaw angles from −30° to +30°. Results show that partial wakes slightly raise overall noise levels and lateral asymmetry of trailing-edge noise, while amplitude modulation (AM) strength is more strongly influenced by yaw control. AM varies linearly with wake deflection at moderate yaw angles but behaves nonlinearly beyond a threshold due to large wake deflection and deformation. Findings reveal that yaw control can significantly increase the lateral asymmetry in the AM strength directivity pattern of the downstream turbine, and that AM characteristics depend on the complex interplay between inflow distribution and convective amplification effects, highlighting the importance of accurate wake prediction, along with appropriate consideration of observer point location and blade rotation, for evaluating AM characteristics of a wind turbine influenced by a partial wake.

Keywords: amplitude modulation (AM); atmospheric stability; curl model; horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT); partial wake; trailing-edge noise; unsteady vortex lattice method; yaw control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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