GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria

Michael Ogheneruemu Ukoba, Ogheneruona Endurance Diemuodeke (), Tobinson Alasin Briggs, Kenneth Eloghene Okedu () and Chidozie Ezekwem
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Michael Ogheneruemu Ukoba: Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria
Ogheneruona Endurance Diemuodeke: Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria
Tobinson Alasin Briggs: Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria
Kenneth Eloghene Okedu: School of Information Technology and Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Chidozie Ezekwem: Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-34

Abstract: This research presents Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and development of biomass for combined heat and power (CHP) generation in Nigeria. It includes crop and forest classification, thermodynamic, and exergo-economic analyses using ArcGIS, Engineering Equation Solver, and Microsoft Excel. Syngas generated from biomass residues powered an integrated CHP system combining a gas turbine (GT), dual steam turbine (DST), and a cascade organic Rankine cycle (CORC) plant. The net power output of the integrated system stood at 2911 MW, with a major contribution from the gas turbine cycle (GTC) unit. The system had a total exergy destruction of 6480 MW, mainly in the combustion chamber (2143 MW) and HP-HRSG (1660 MW), and produced 3370.41 MW of heat, with a flue gas exit temperature of 74 °C. The plant’s energy and exergy efficiencies were 87.16% and 50.30%, respectively. The BCHP system showed good economic and environmental performance, with an annualized life cycle cost of USD 93.4 million, unit cost of energy of 0.0076 USD/kWh kWh, and a 7.5-year break-even. The emissions and impact factors align with those of similar existing plants. It demonstrates that biomass residue can significantly support Nigeria’s energy needs and contribute to clean energy goals under the Paris Agreement and UN-SDGs. This work suggests a pathway to tackle energy insecurity, inform policymakers on biomass-to-energy, and serve as a foundation for future techno-economic–environmental assessment of biomass residues across suitable locations in Nigeria.

Keywords: biomass; energy; GIS; crop and forest residue; CHP plant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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