Novel Multi-Stage Phasor Measurement Unit Placement on Critical Buses with Observability Assessment

Muhammad Musadiq Ahmed (), Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Muhammad Omer Khan and Zunaib Maqsood Haider ()
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Muhammad Musadiq Ahmed: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Amjad: Department of Electronics Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Ali Qureshi: Department of Information & Communication Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Omer Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 37000, Punjab, Pakistan
Zunaib Maqsood Haider: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide synchronized measurements to enhance power system monitoring, strategically placed to achieve full network observability with minimal cost. In this paper, the PMU placement problem for critical buses is addressed using integer linear programming, taking into account both PMU contingencies and the impact of zero-injection buses. The primary contribution is the development of a multi-stage approach to place PMUs on critical buses. Moreover, it is demonstrated that considering PMU contingencies inherently accounts for line contingencies. Furthermore, a new performance metric, the Bus Coverage Index (BCI), is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the placement strategy. This index overcomes the limitations of existing indices, such as the Sum of Redundancy Index (SORI) and Bus Observability Index (BOI). The results are tested on various IEEE benchmark systems under four different cases, showing significantly improved results in terms of network observability and minimized number of PMUs. In Case 1, SORI values improved significantly for the IEEE 7 and IEEE 118 bus systems, while in Case 2, enhancements were observed in the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 systems. Case 3 demonstrated consistency in results across systems. Notably, in Case 4, the number of required PMUs was reduced in the IEEE 30, IEEE 57, IEEE 118, and New England 39 bus systems, with complete network observability.

Keywords: phasor measurement unit (PMU); optimal PMU placement (OPP); integer linear programming (ILP); bus coverage index (BCI); N ? 1 contingency; zero-injection bus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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