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Efficacy of Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermal and Geothermal Heat Pump System for Greenhouse Climate Control

Chung Geon Lee, Geum Choon Kang, Jae Kyung Jang, Sung-Wook Yun, Jong Pil Moon (), Hong-Seok Mun and Eddiemar Baguio Lagua
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Chung Geon Lee: Division of Smart Farm Development, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
Geum Choon Kang: Asquare Inc., Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
Jae Kyung Jang: Division of Smart Farm Development, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
Sung-Wook Yun: Division of Smart Farm Development, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
Jong Pil Moon: Division of Smart Farm Development, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
Hong-Seok Mun: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
Eddiemar Baguio Lagua: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-21

Abstract: This study evaluated the performance of a hybrid heat pump system integrating photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) panels with a standing column well (SCW) geothermal system in a strawberry greenhouse. The PVT panels, installed over 10% of the area of a 175 m 3 greenhouse, stored excess solar heat in an aquifer to offset the reduced efficiency of the geothermal source during extended operation. The results showed that the hybrid system can supply 11,253 kWh of heat energy during the winter, maintaining the night time indoor temperature at 10 °C even when outdoor conditions dropped to −10.5 °C. The PVT system captured 11,125 kWh of solar heat during heating the off season, increasing the heat supply up to 22,378 kWh annually. Additionally, the system generated 3839 kWh of electricity, which significantly offset the 36.72% of the annual pump system electricity requirements, enhancing the system coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.38. Strawberry production increased by 4% with 78% heating cost saving compared to a kerosene boiler system. The results show that the PVT system effectively supports the geothermal system, improving heating performance and demonstrating the feasibility of hybrid renewable energy in smart farms to enhance efficiency, reduce fossil fuel use, and advance carbon neutrality.

Keywords: PVT module; geothermal heat pump; renewable energy; hybrid system; greenhouse (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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