Fully Decentralized Sliding Mode Control for Frequency Regulation and Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids

Carlos Xavier Rosero (), Fredy Rosero and Fausto Tapia
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Carlos Xavier Rosero: Faculty of Engineering in Applied Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100102, Ecuador
Fredy Rosero: Faculty of Engineering in Applied Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100102, Ecuador
Fausto Tapia: Faculty of Engineering in Applied Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100102, Ecuador

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-17

Abstract: This paper proposes a local sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for frequency regulation and active power sharing in islanded microgrids (MGs). Unlike advanced strategies, either droop-based or droop-free, that rely on inter-inverter communication, the proposed method operates in a fully decentralized manner, using only measurements available at each inverter. In addition, it adopts a minimalist structure that avoids adaptive laws and consensus mechanisms, which simplifies implementation. A discontinuous control law is derived to enforce sliding dynamics on a frequency-based surface, ensuring robust behavior in the face of disturbances, such as clock drifts, sudden load variations, and topological reconfigurations. A formal Lyapunov-based analysis is conducted to establish the stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed control law. The method guarantees that steady-state frequency deviations remain bounded and predictable as a function of the controller parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves rapid frequency convergence, equitable active power sharing, and sustained stability. Owing to its communication-free design, the proposed strategy is particularly well-suited for MGs operating in rural, isolated, or resource-constrained environments. A comparative evaluation against both conventional droop and communication-based droop-free SMC approaches further highlights the method’s strengths in terms of resilience, implementation simplicity, and practical deployability.

Keywords: sliding surface; voltage source inverter; nonlinear control; communication-free strategy; filippov solutions; lyapunov stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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