Risk Assessment of Offshore Wind–Solar–Current Energy Coupling Hydrogen Production Project Based on Hybrid Weighting Method and Aggregation Operator

Yandong Du, Xiaoli Chen, Yao Dong, Xinyue Zhou, Yangwen Wu () and Qiang Lu
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Yandong Du: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Xiaoli Chen: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Yao Dong: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Xinyue Zhou: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Yangwen Wu: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Qiang Lu: National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-21

Abstract: Under the dual pressures of global climate change and energy structure transition, the offshore wind–solar–current energy coupling hydrogen production (OCWPHP) system has emerged as a promising integrated energy solution. However, its complex multi-energy structure and harsh marine environment introduce systemic risks that are challenging to assess comprehensively using traditional methods. To address this, we develop a novel risk assessment framework based on hesitant fuzzy sets (HFS), establishing a multidimensional risk criteria system covering economic, technical, social, political, and environmental aspects. A hybrid weighting method integrating AHP, entropy weighting, and consensus adjustment is proposed to determine expert weights while minimizing risk information loss. Two aggregation operators—AHFOWA and AHFOWG—are applied to enhance uncertainty modeling. A case study of an OCWPHP project in the East China Sea is conducted, with the overall risk level assessed as “Medium.” Comparative analysis with the classical Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) method shows that our approach yields a risk value of 0.4764, closely aligning with the CPT result of 0.4745, thereby confirming the feasibility and credibility of the proposed framework. This study provides both theoretical support and practical guidance for early-stage risk assessment of OCWPHP projects.

Keywords: ocean current generation coupled offshore wind–photovoltaic–hydrogen production; hybrid weighting method; AHP; multi-criteria decision-making; risk assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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