Investigation of Ammonia-Coal Co-Combustion Performance and NO x Formation Mechanisms Under Varied Ammonia Injection Strategies

Yuhang Xiao, Jie Cui (), Honggang Pan, Liang Zhu, Benchuan Xu, Xiu Yang, Honglei Zhao, Shuo Yang, Yan Zhao, Manfred Wirsum and Youning Xu ()
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Yuhang Xiao: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Jie Cui: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Honggang Pan: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Liang Zhu: Xinjiang Saier Shan Municipal Engineering Co., Ltd., Tacheng 839099, China
Benchuan Xu: Xinjiang Saier Shan Municipal Engineering Co., Ltd., Tacheng 839099, China
Xiu Yang: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Honglei Zhao: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Shuo Yang: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Yan Zhao: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Manfred Wirsum: Institute of Power Plant Technology, Steam and Gas Turbines, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Youning Xu: Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Supply Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-31

Abstract: In the context of carbon neutrality, ammonia-coal co-firing is considered an effective way to reduce emissions from coal-fired units. This paper takes a 125 MW tangential combustion boiler as the research object and combines CFD and CHEMKIN models to study the effects of ammonia injection position (L1–L3) and blending ratio (0–30%) on combustion characteristics and NO generation. The results indicate that L1 (same-layer premixed injection) can form a continuous and stable flame structure and maintain low NO emissions. L2 (fuel-staged configuration) shows the highest burnout rate and strong denitration potential under high mixing conditions, while L3 has an unstable flow field and the worst combustion structure. NO emissions show a typical “first rise and then fall” trend with the blending ratio. L1 performs optimally in the range of 15–20%, and L2 peaks at 20%. Mechanism analysis indicates that R430 is the main NO generation reaction, while R15 and R427 dominate the NO reduction process. The synergistic reaction between NH x free radicals and coke can effectively inhibit the formation of NO and improve combustion efficiency.

Keywords: ammonia–coal co-firing; ammonia injection location; ammonia co-firing ratio; NO x emissions; reaction mechanism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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