Energy Management System-Based Multi-Objective Nizar Optimization Algorithm Considering Grid Power and Battery Degradation Cost

Hasan Wahhab Salih Rabee () and Doaa Mohsin Majeed
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Hasan Wahhab Salih Rabee: Najaf Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
Doaa Mohsin Majeed: School of Computer Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-24

Abstract: A microgrid (MG) topology combines various kinds of resources like solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WTs), energy storage systems, and the conventional utility grid. These different resources need to be coordinated in an optimal way to keep the power balanced, reduce the operational cost, and make the system resilient to any kind of failures. Therefore, an efficient energy management system (EMS) is essential in an MG system to provide suitable and reliable operation under different weather and demand load conditions. In this paper, a new EMS-based multi-objective Nizar Optimization Algorithm (NOA) is proposed. The suggested EMS aims to improve the power quality problem caused by the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources and then minimize the grid power and battery degradation costs. By leveraging the adaptability of the NOA, the applied EMS method simply optimizes the allocation and energy sharing of the resources in a grid-connected MG. The proposed EMS was verified in simulation using MATLAB software. The performance of the proposed EMS was tested under different weather conditions, and the obtained results have been compared with those obtained in the existing methods. The obtained results indicate that the proposed EMS based on the NOA is capable of adjusting the multi-source energy allocation with minimal grid costs and the battery degradation issue. The proposed NOA indicates robust performance with total cost savings varying from USD 17 to USD 34 compared to other optimizers, as well as a great reduction in degradation cost, up to 27% improvement over the conventional methods. Finally, the proposed EMS offers several advantages over the conventional methods, including the improved dynamic system, faster convergence, lower operational costs, and higher energy efficiency.

Keywords: nizar optimization algorithm; microgrid; battery degradation; energy management system; photovoltaic; wind turbine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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