Transmission-Targeted Demand-Side Response for Congestion Relief: A Systematic Review

Piotr Sidor and Sylwester Robak ()
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Piotr Sidor: Doctoral School, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Sylwester Robak: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-35

Abstract: Variable renewable energy sources and cross-zonal trades stress transmission grids, pushing them toward thermal limits. This systematic review, reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020, examines how demand-side response (DSR) can provide relief at the transmission scale. We screened peer-reviewed literature and operator documentation, from 2010 to 2025, indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore; organized remedial actions across supply, network, and demand/storage levers; and categorized operational attributes (time to effect, spatial targeting, activation lead times, telemetry, and measurement and verification). Few reviewed sources explicitly link DSR to transmission congestion relief, highlighting the gap between its mature use in frequency and adequacy services and its still-limited, location-specific application on the grid. We identify feasibility conditions, including assets downstream of the binding interface, minute-scale activation, and feeder-grade baselines with rebound accounting. This implies the following design requirements: TSO–DSO eligibility registries and conflict resolution, portfolio mapping to power-flow sensitivities, and co-optimization with redispatch, HVDC, topology control, and storage within a security-constrained optimal-power-flow framework. No full-text risk-of-bias assessment or meta-analysis was undertaken; the review used English-only title/abstract screening. Registration: none. Funding: none.

Keywords: transmission congestion; demand-side response; N-1 security; PTDF/LODF; redispatch and countertrading; PST/FACTS/HVDC; dynamic line rating; remedial action schemes; TSO–DSO coordination; measurement & verification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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