Optimized Planning Framework for Radial Distribution Network Considering AC and DC EV Chargers, Uncertain Solar PVDG, and DSTATCOM Using HHO

Ramesh Bonela, Sasmita Tripathy, Sriparna Roy Ghatak, Sarat Chandra Swain, Fernando Lopes () and Parimal Acharjee
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Ramesh Bonela: School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Sasmita Tripathy: School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Sriparna Roy Ghatak: School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Sarat Chandra Swain: School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Fernando Lopes: National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
Parimal Acharjee: Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-34

Abstract: This study aims to provide an efficient framework for the coordinated integration of AC and DC chargers, intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) units, and a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) across residential, commercial, and industrial zones of a Radial Distribution Network (RDN) considering the benefits of various stakeholders: Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station owners, EV owners, and distribution network operators. The model uses a multi-zone planning method and healthy-bus strategy to allocate Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs), Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PVDG) units, and DSTATCOMs. The proposed framework optimally determines the numbers of EVCSs, PVDG units, and DSTATCOMs using Harris Hawk Optimization, considering the maximization of techno-economic benefits while satisfying all the security constraints. Further, to showcase the benefits from the perspective of EV owners, an EV waiting-time evaluation is performed. The simulation results show that integrating EVCSs (with both AC and DC chargers) with solar PVDG units and DSTATCOMs in the existing RDN improves the voltage profile, reduces power losses, and enhances cost-effectiveness compared to the system with only EVCSs. Furthermore, the zonal division ensures that charging infrastructure is distributed across the network increasing accessibility to the EV users. It is also observed that combining AC and DC chargers across the network provides overall benefits in terms of voltage profile, line loss, and waiting time as compared to a system with only AC or DC chargers. The proposed framework improves EV owners’ access and reduces waiting time, while supporting distribution network operators through enhanced grid stability and efficient integration of EV loads, PV generation, and DSTATCOM.

Keywords: distribution static compensators; electric vehicle charging station; Harris Hawk optimization; photovoltaic distributed generation; uncertainty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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