Experimental Evaluation of a Combined Sensible and Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System

Adio Miliozzi, Daniele Nicolini, Giuseppe Napoli, Gianremo Giorgi and Raffaele Liberatore ()
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Adio Miliozzi: ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, Italy
Daniele Nicolini: ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Napoli: ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, Italy
Gianremo Giorgi: ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, Italy
Raffaele Liberatore: ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00186 Rome, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-28

Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are crucial for industries to overcome the temporal misalignment between heat demand and availability, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is fundamental for increasing industrial production efficiency and promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Among various TES solutions (sensible, latent, and thermochemical), combined sensible/latent heat TES (CSLHTES) is attracting more interest. It combines the ideal characteristics of individual sensible or latent heat storage technologies: high stored energy density, compactness, high efficiency, stable heat supply temperature, and good power output. This work experimentally evaluates the thermal behavior and potential improvements of a CSLHTES system. This system, named HyTES, consists of two series-connected TES units—one sensible and one latent—operating within a 180–280 °C range, to meet typical industrial application requirements. A test procedure was developed to define key performance indexes (KPIs). The results confirm that CSLHTES systems generally show improved performance compared to individual units. This indicates that further analysis of this approach is justified, moving beyond just energy and exergy perspectives to also include economic and environmental impacts.

Keywords: thermal energy storage; sensible heat; latent heat; combined sensible/latent heat TES; testing procedures; key performance indexes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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