Deployment of Modular Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Schemes in a Renewable Energy Valley

Alexandros Kafetzis (), Giorgos Kardaras, Michael Bampaou, Kyriakos D. Panopoulos, Elissaios Sarmas, Vangelis Marinakis and Aristotelis Tsekouras
Additional contact information
Alexandros Kafetzis: ARTEMIS Laboratory, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Giorgos Kardaras: ARTEMIS Laboratory, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Michael Bampaou: ARTEMIS Laboratory, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Kyriakos D. Panopoulos: ARTEMIS Laboratory, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Elissaios Sarmas: Decision Support Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
Vangelis Marinakis: Decision Support Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
Aristotelis Tsekouras: Independent Researcher, 71409 Heraklion, Greece

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-26

Abstract: While community energy initiatives and pilot projects have demonstrated technical feasibility and economic benefits, their site-specific nature limits transferability to systematic, scalable investment models. This study addresses this gap by proposing a modular framework for Renewable Energy Valleys (REVs), developed from real-world Community Energy Lab (CEL) demonstrations in Crete, Greece, which is an island with pronounced seasonal demand fluctuation, strong renewable potential, and ongoing hydrogen valley initiatives. Four modular business schemes are defined, each representing different sectoral contexts by combining a baseline of 50 residential units with one representative large consumer (hotel, rural households with thermal loads, municipal swimming pool, or hydrogen bus). For each scheme, a mixed-integer linear programming model is applied to optimally size and operate integrated solar PV, wind, battery (BAT) energy storage, and hydrogen systems across three renewable energy penetration (REP) targets: 90%, 95%, and 99.9%. The framework incorporates stochastic demand modeling, sector coupling, and hierarchical dispatch schemes. Results highlight optimal technology configurations that minimize dependency on external sources and curtailment while enhancing reliability and sustainability under Mediterranean conditions. Results demonstrate significant variation in optimal configurations across sectors and targets, with PV capacity ranging from 217 kW to 2840 kW, battery storage from 624 kWh to 2822 kWh, and hydrogen systems scaling from 65.2 kg to 192 kg storage capacity. The modular design of the framework enables replication beyond the specific context of Crete, supporting the scalable development of Renewable Energy Valleys that can adapt to diverse sectoral mixes and regional conditions.

Keywords: renewable energy valley; energy storage; energy management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/21/5837/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/21/5837/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:21:p:5837-:d:1788199

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Cassie Shen

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().