Real-Time Monitoring of Secondary Mineral Precipitation During CO 2 –H 2 O–Rock Interactions Under High Temperature and Pressure Using Fiber Optic Scale Sensors

Sakurako Satake, Ai Hosoki, Hideki Kuramitz (), Akira Ueda () and Amane Terai
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Sakurako Satake: Graduate School of Sustainability Studies for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Ai Hosoki: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Hideki Kuramitz: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Akira Ueda: Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Amane Terai: Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC), 2-10-1 Toranomon, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-12

Abstract: This study successfully monitored the formation of secondary minerals resulting from CO 2 –H 2 O–rock reactions under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions (approximately 250 °C and 6 MPa, respectively) in real time using a sensor based on the attenuated total reflection (ATR) detection principle. First, a verification experiment was conducted using a saturated calcium carbonate solution. This experiment quantitatively confirmed an increase in precipitation and a decrease in transmittance as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 250 °C. Next, CO 2 –H 2 O–rock reaction tests were conducted within a batch-type apparatus. Under neutral conditions (pH 7.3), the transmittance rapidly decreased to approximately 20% within five days of initiating the reaction. Combined with our previous results from separate batch-based rock reaction tests conducted under identical conditions, it was revealed that the rapid precipitation of secondary minerals, primarily smectite, was the dominant process. Conventional methods estimate precipitation amounts by analyzing rock surface morphology after reaction tests, which leaves the reaction mechanism unclear. The primary innovation of this study lies in directly capturing precipitation dynamics during the initial reaction stage, which could not be achieved using conventional post reaction analysis methods. By employing this monitoring technique to measure the precipitation rates and quantities of secondary minerals under various test conditions, this study is expected to make significant contributions to the understanding and controlling of precipitation phenomena and changes in formation permeability in CO 2 geological storage and carbon-recycling geothermal power generation projects.

Keywords: fiber optic sensor; real-time monitoring; mineral precipitation; high temperature and pressure; CO 2 –H 2 O–rock interaction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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