Methodology for Evaluating and Comparing Different Sustainable Energy Generation and Storage Systems for Residential Buildings—Application to the Case of Spain

Oscar Castillo Campo and Roberto Álvarez Fernández ()
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Oscar Castillo Campo: Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Nebrija, Calle Santa Cruz de Marcenado 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain
Roberto Álvarez Fernández: Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Nebrija, Calle Santa Cruz de Marcenado 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-33

Abstract: This paper focuses on assessing different sustainable energy generation and storage systems for residential buildings in Spain, identifying the best-performing system according to the end-user requirements. As outlined by the consulted literature, the authors have selected two types of hybrid configurations—a Photovoltaic System with Battery Backup (PSBB) and a Photovoltaic System with Hydrogen Hybrid Storage Backup (PSHB)—and a Grid-Based System with Renewable Hydrogen Contribution (GSHC) is proposed. A Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process methodology (FAHP) is employed for evaluating the hybrid power systems from a multi-criteria approach: acquisition, operational, and environmental. The main requirements for selecting the optimal system are organized under these criteria and evaluated using key performance indicators. This methodology allows the selection of the best option considering objective and subjective system performance indicators. Beyond establishing the ranking, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to provide insights into how individual criteria influence the ranking of the hybrid power systems alternatives. The results demonstrate that the selection of hybrid power systems for a residential building is highly dependent on consumer preferences, but the PSBB system scores highly in operation and acquisition criteria, while the GSHC has good performance in all the criteria.

Keywords: hybrid power system; combined heat and power systems; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process; multicriteria decision making; residential buildings; sustainable energy generation systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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