Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics

Fredy E. Hoyos (), John E. Candelo-Becerra () and Alejandro Rincón ()
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Fredy E. Hoyos: Departamento de Energía Eléctrica y Automática, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Robledo, Medellín 050041, Colombia
John E. Candelo-Becerra: Departamento de Energía Eléctrica y Automática, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Robledo, Medellín 050041, Colombia
Alejandro Rincón: Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollos Tecnológicos y Ambientales—GIDTA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales 170002, Colombia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-33

Abstract: This paper presents a robust control strategy for three-phase inverters that combines Sliding Mode Control with a Washout Filter (SMC-w) to achieve low harmonic distortion and high dynamic stability. The proposed approach addresses the critical challenge of maintaining the stability of a high-quality output signal while ensuring robustness against disturbances and adaptability under variable, unbalanced, and nonlinear loads. The proposed hybrid controller integrates the fast response and disturbance rejection capability of SMC with the filtering properties of the washout stage, effectively mitigating low-frequency chattering and steady-state offsets. A detailed stability analysis is provided to ensure the closed-loop convergence of the SMC–w. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB–Simulink demonstrate significant improvements in transient response, total harmonic distortion, and robustness under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions compared to conventional control methods. The inverter demonstrated rapid tracking of the reference signals with a minimal error margin of 3%, effective frequency regulation with a low steady-state error, and resilience to input disturbances and load variations. For instance, under a load variation from 20 Ω to 5 Ω, the system maintained the output voltage accuracy within a 3% error threshold. In addition, the input perturbations and frequency shifts in the reference signals were effectively rejected, confirming the robustness of the control strategy. Furthermore, the integration of the SMC proved to be highly effective in reducing harmonic distortion and delivering a stable and high-quality sinusoidal output. The integration of the washout filter minimized the chattering phenomenon typically associated with the SMC, further enhancing the smooth response and reliability of the system. This study highlights the potential of SMC–w to optimize power quality and operational stability. This study offers significant insights into the development of advanced inverter systems that can operate in dynamic and challenging environments.

Keywords: three-phase inverter; sliding mode control (SMC); washout filter; load variation; reference tracking; frequency regulation; harmonic mitigation; power conversion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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